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Very interesting! How, would you say, does Germany compensate the seasonality effect (chart 1)? With domestic "swing producer" coal or imports (typically French nuclear?)?

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Ah ... just realized you answered that separately in a Notes posting, sorry for asking ;-)

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Thanks for the article! Are "residual loads" in this context essentially a measure of how abundant renewable supply at any given time is and subsequently displaces all other forms of generation due to having lower marginal costs?

e.g. if you graphed residual load over the hours of the day, would you see it spike in the morning and evening but crater in the middle of the day?

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